중국어 입문/2과
< 중국어 입문
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내용을 보다 알차게 한다는 전제조건 밑에서 참여자께서는 이 문서를 재편집하실 수 있습니다. 누가 언제 마지막으로 글을 썼으며 그리고 쓰고 있는지는 문서역사를 살펴 보시기 바랍니다. |
| 번역 요망 | |
Lesson 2: 今天你忙不忙？
+/-Lesson 2 contains a dialogue of two students discussing their classes for the day.
Dialogues 1 & 2: Characters
+/-Dialogue 1
| Simplified Characters | Traditional Characters | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 東尼: | 艾美，早安。 | 東尼: | 艾美，早安。 | |
| 艾美: | 早。你好嗎？ | 艾美: | 早。你好嗎？ | |
| 東尼: | 我很好，謝謝。你呢？ | 東尼: | 我很好，謝謝。你呢？ | |
| 艾美: | 我也很好。今天你忙不忙？ | 艾美: | 我也很好。今天你忙不忙？ | |
| 東尼: | 今天我很忙。我有五節課。 | 東尼: | 今天我很忙。我有五節課。 | |
| 艾美: | 五節？！太多了！今天我只有一節。 | 艾美: | 五節？！太多了！今天我只有一節。 | |
| 東尼: | 一節？！太少了！ | 東尼: | 一節？! 太少了！ |
Dialogue 2
| Simplified Characters | Traditional Characters |
|---|
Dialogues 1 & 2: Pīnyīn/English
+/-Dialogue 1
| Pīnyīn | English | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dōngní: | Àiměi, zăoān. | Tony: | Good morning, Amy. | |
| Àiměi: | Zăo. Nǐ hǎo ma? | Amy: | Good morning. How are you? | |
| Dōngní: | Wǒ hěn hǎo, xièxie. Nǐ ne? | Tony: | I'm fine, thanks. How about you? | |
| Àiměi: | Wǒ yě hěn hǎo. Jīntiān nǐ máng bù máng? | Amy: | I'm also fine. Are you busy today? | |
| Dōngní: | Jīntiān wǒ hěn máng. Wǒ yǒu wǔ jié kè. | Tony: | I'm very busy today. I have five classes. | |
| Àiměi: | Wǔ jié?! Tài duō le! Jīntiān wǒ zhĭ yǒu yì jié. | Amy: | Five?! That's too many! Today I only have one. | |
| Dōngní: | Yì jié?! Tài shăo le! | Tony: | One?! That's too few! |
Dialogue 2
| Pīnyīn | English |
|---|
Vocabulary
+/-| Simplified (traditional in parentheses) | Pīnyīn | Part of speech | English [m.] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 一 | yī | (adj) | one |
| 2. | 二 | èr | (adj) | two |
| 3. | 三 | sān | (adj) | three |
| 4. | 四 | sì | (adj) | four |
| 5. | 五 | wǔ | (adj) | five |
| 6. | 六 | liù | (adj) | six |
| 7. | 七 | qī | (adj) | seven |
| 8. | 八 | bā | (adj) | eight |
| 9. | 九 | jiǔ | (adj) | nine |
| 10. | 十 | shí | (adj) | ten |
| 11. | 早 | zăo | (n) | morning (often spoken alone as a shortened form to mean "good morning" just like with English) |
| 12. | 安 | ān | (adj) | peaceful |
| 13. | 早安 | zăoān | (phrase) | good morning |
| 14. | 很 | hěn | (adv) | very |
| 15. | 謝謝 (謝謝) | xièxie | (v) | thanks |
| 16. | 天 | tiān | (n) | day/sky |
| 17. | 今天 | jīntiān | (n) | today |
| 18. | 忙 | máng | (adj) | busy |
| 19. | 有 | yǒu | (v) | to have, possess |
| 20. | 沒 | méi | (adv) | negates yǒu |
| 21. | 節 (節) | jié | (m) | (measure word for sections of things) |
| 22. | 課 (課) | kè | (n) | class [節] |
| 23. | 太 | tài | (adv) | too, extremely |
| 24. | 了 | le | (part) | (combines with 太 - see grammar) |
| 25. | 多 | duō | (adj) | many |
| 26. | 少 | shăo | (adj) | few |
| 27. | 只 | zhĭ | (adv) | only, merely |
Grammar
+/-The adverb Hěn [很]
+/-| Though translated as "very", Hěn [很] has a weaker meaning than it does in English. It is often added before single-syllable adjective just to enhance the rhythmic flow of the sentence. Hěn is used before the adjective in affirmative sentences, but not in negative sentences or questions. A common mistake of beginners is to insert shì [是] into adjectival sentences, but this usage is incorrect as shì can only be used to equate combinations of nouns, noun phrases and pronouns. |
1. 我很忙。
- Wǒ hěn máng
- I am (very) busy.
Le [了] as emphasizer
+/-| The particle le [了] has many different functions in Chinese, but in this case, it serves to add emphasis to the verb or adjective of the sentence. It can be seen paired with tài [太] to express excessiveness. |
Affirmative-negative questions
+/-| A sentence can be made into a question by having both affirmative and negative options together. To answer in the affirmative, the verb or adjective is repeated. (An affirmative adjective in this case is usually preceded by hěn [很] to avoid a comparative tone.) Responding in the negative is simply saying "not verb" or "not adjective". |
| S + V 不 V + O? |
|---|
Example:
| Because the bù in affirmative-negative questions is often said quickly, marking the tone on bù is not strictly necessary in their case. |
Q: 他是不是東尼?
- Tā shì bu shì Dōngní?
- Is he Tony?
- literally, "he is/is not Tony?"
A: 是。or 不是。
- Shì. or Bú shì.
- Yes (he is). or No (he isn't).
| S + adj. 不 adj.? |
|---|
Example:
Q:今天艾美忙不忙?
- Jīntiān Àiměi máng bù máng?
- Is Amy busy today?
- literally, "Today, Amy busy/not busy"
A: 她很忙。or 她不忙。
- Tā hěn máng. or Tā bù máng.
- Yes, she's (very) busy. or No, she's not busy.
Sentences using yǒu [有]
+/-| Yǒu [有] means to have and indicates possession. |
| S + 有 + O |
|---|
Example:
我有三節課。
- Wǒ yǒu sān jié kè.
- I have three classes.
| Yǒu is negated when preceded by méi [沒]. |
| S + 沒 + 有 + O |
|---|
Example:
今天她們沒有一節課。
- Jīntiān tāmen méi yǒu yì jié kè.
- Today, they don't have any classes.
- In this case, you could say "她們沒有課" to mean "They don't have classes." Saying "一節課", which literally means "one period of class" would be how you emphasize that they don't have any classes. It's like saying "They don't even have one class today."